Description
Baxter 2B2533Q - SOLUTION, PLASMA-LYTE 148 INJECT, 500ML, 24 BG/CS
PLASMA-LYTE 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP), 500 mL VIAFLEX Plastic Container
PLASMA-LYTE 148 Injection
Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic isotonic solution in a single dose container for intravenous administration. Each 100 mL contains 526 mg of Sodium Chloride, USP (NaCl); 502 mg of Sodium Gluconate (C6H11NaO7); 368 mg of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, USP (C2H3NaO23H2O); 37 mg of Potassium Chloride, USP (KCl); and 30 mg of Magnesium Chloride, USP (MgCl26H2O). It contains no antimicrobial agents. The pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid. The pH is 5.5 (4.0 to 8.0).
Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) administered intravenously has value as a source of water, electrolytes, and calories. One liter has an ionic concentration of 140 mEq sodium, 5 mEq potassium, 3 mEq magnesium, 98 mEq chloride, 27 mEq acetate, and 23 mEq gluconate. The osmolarity is 294 mOsmol/L (calc). Normal physiologic osmolarity range is approximately 280 to 310 mOsmol/L. The caloric content is 21 kcal/L.
VIAFLEX plastic container
The VIAFLEX plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride (PL 146 Plastic). The amount of water that can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million. However, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to USP biological tests for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies.
Clinical Pharmacology
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) has value as a source of water and electrolytes. It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) produces a metabolic alkalinizing effect. Acetate and gluconate ions are metabolized ultimately to carbon dioxide and water, which requires the consumption of hydrogen cations.
Indications and Usage
Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes or as an alkalinizing agent.
Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is compatible with blood or blood components. It may be administered prior to or following the infusion of blood through the same administration set (i.e., as a priming solution), added to or infused concurrently with blood components, or used as a diluent in the transfusion of packed erythrocytes. Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP are equally compatible with blood or blood components.
Contraindications
Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the product.
Warnings
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is not indicated for the primary treatment of severe metabolic acidosis.
- Hypersensitivity/infusion reactions, including anaphylactoid reactions, have been reported with Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP).
- Stop the infusion immediately if signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction develop, such as tachycardia, chest pain, dyspnea and flushing. Institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures as clinically indicated.
- Depending on the volume and rate of infusion, the intravenous administration of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states, pulmonary edema or acid-base imbalance. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection.
- Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient or the rate of administration warrants such evaluation.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to hypervolemic or overhydrated patients.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with conditions that may cause sodium retention, fluid overload and edema.
- Solutions containing magnesium should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with hypermagnesemia or conditions predisposing to hypermagnesemia, including but not limited to severe renal impairment or magnesium therapy such as for eclampsia and myasthenia gravis.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is not indicated for the treatment of hypomagnesemia.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with alkalosis or at risk for alkalosis. Excess administration of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) can result in metabolic alkalosis. Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is not indicated for the treatment of hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis and should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) contains no calcium, and an increase in plasma pH due to its alkalinizing effect may lower the concentration of ionized (not-protein bound) calcium. Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with hypocalcemia.
- Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with hyperkalemia or conditions predisposing to hyperkalemia (such as severe renal impairment or adrenocortical insufficiency, acute dehydration, or extensive tissue injury or burns) and in patients with cardiac disease.
- Although Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) has a potassium concentration similar to the concentration in plasma, it is insufficient to produce a useful effect in case of severe potassium deficiency; therefore, it should not be used for correction of severe potassium deficiency.
- In patients with diminished renal function, administration of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) may result in sodium and/or potassium or magnesium retention.
Precautions
Do not use plastic containers in series connections. Such use could result in air embolism due to residual air being drawn from the primary container before administration of the fluid from the secondary container is completed.
Pressurizing intravenous solutions contained in flexible plastic containers to increase flow rates can result in air embolism if the residual air in the container is not fully evacuated prior to administration.
Use of a vented intravenous administration set with the vent in the open position could result in air embolism. Vented intravenous administration sets with the vent in the open position should not be used with flexible plastic containers.
The administration of acetate ions should be done with great care in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of these ions, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.
Drug Interactions
Caution is advised when administering Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) to patients treated with drugs that may increase the risk of sodium and fluid retention, such as corticosteroids.
Caution is advised when administering Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) to patients treated with drugs which renal elimination is pH dependent. Due to its alkalinizing effect (formation of bicarbonate), Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) may interfere with the elimination of such drugs.
- Renal clearance of acidic drugs such as salicylates and barbiturates may be increased.
- Renal clearance of alkaline drugs such as sympathomimetics (e.g., ephedrine, pseudoephedrine), quinidine, or dextroamphetamine (dexamphetamine) sulfate, may be decreased.
- Renal clearance of lithium may also be increased. Caution is advised when administering Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) to patients treated with lithium.
Because of its potassium content, Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be administered with caution in patients treated with agents or products that can cause hyperkalemia or increase the risk of hyperkalemia, such as potassium sparing diuretics (amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene), with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine.
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions
There have been reports of positive test results using the Bio-Rad Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA test in patients receiving Baxter gluconate containing Plasmalyte solutions. These patients were subsequently found to be free of Aspergillus infection. Therefore, positive test results for this test in patients receiving Baxter gluconate containing Plasmalyte solutions should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed by other diagnostic methods.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Studies with Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.
Pregnancy
Teratogenic Effects
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP). It is also not known whether Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known where this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is administered to a nursing mother.
Pediatric Use
The use of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) in pediatric patients is based on clinical practice.
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Adverse Reactions
Post-marketing Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reactions have been reported with PLASMA-LYTE products without Dextrose. Adverse reactions are listed by MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC), then by Preferred Term in order of severity, where feasible.
- Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity/infusion reactions, including Anaphylactoid reaction, and the following manifestations: Tachycardia, Palpitations, Chest pain, Chest discomfort, Dyspnea, Respiratory rate increased, Flushing, Hyperemia, Asthenia, Feeling abnormal, Piloerection, Edema peripheral, Pyrexia
- General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Infusion site reactions (e.g., Infusion site pain, Burning sensation)
- Other manifestations of hypersensitivity/infusion reactions; Hypotension, Wheezing, Urticaria, Cold sweat, Chills
- Hyperkalemia
Overdose
Excessive administration of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) may lead to metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis may be accompanied by hypokalemia was well as a decrease in ionized serum calcium and magnesium.
An excessive volume of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) may lead to fluid and sodium overload with a risk of edema (peripheral and/or pulmonary), particularly when renal sodium excretion is impaired.
Excessive administration of potassium may lead to the development of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with severe renal impairment.
Excessive administration of magnesium may lead to hypermagnesemia.
When assessing an overdose, any additives in the solution must also be considered.
The effects of an overdose may require immediate medical attention and treatment.
Dosage and Administration
All injections in VIAFLEX plastic containers are intended for intravenous administration using sterile and nonpyrogenic equipment.
As directed by a physician. Dosage, rate and duration of administration are to be individualized and dependent upon the indication for use, the patients age, weight, concomitant treatment and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations.
After opening the container, the contents should be used immediately and should not be stored for a subsequent infusion. Do not reconnect any partially used containers.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact.
Additives may be incompatible with Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP). As with all parenteral solutions, compatibility of the additives with the solution must be assessed before addition. Before adding a substance or medication, verify that it is soluble and/or stable in water and that the pH range of Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP) is appropriate. After addition, check for a possible color change and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes or crystals.
The instructions for use of the medication to be added and other relevant literature must be consulted. Additives known or determined to be incompatible must not be used. When introducing additives to Plasma-Lyte 148 Injection (Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP), aseptic technique must be used. Mix the solution thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives.
Directions for Use of VIAFLEX plus Plastic Container
For Information on Risk of Air Embolism see PRECAUTIONS
To Open
Tear overwrap down side at slit and remove solution container. Visually inspect the container. If the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired. Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually. Check for minute leaks by squeezing inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired. If supplemental medication is desired, follow directions below.
Preparation for Administration
- Suspend container from eyelet support.
- Remove protector from outlet port at bottom of container.
- Attach administration set. Refer to complete directions accompanying set.
To Add Medication
To add medication before solution administration
- Prepare medication site.
- Using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject.
- Mix solution and medication thoroughly. For high density medication such as potassium chloride, squeeze ports while ports are upright and mix thoroughly.
To add medication during solution administration
- Close clamp on the set.
- Prepare medication site.
- Using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject.
- Remove container from IV pole and/or turn to an upright position.
- Evacuate both ports by squeezing them while container is in the upright position.
- Mix solution and medication thoroughly.
- Return container to in use position and continue administration.
Packing Information
